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Molecular authentication of the traditional Chinese medicine Tongren Dahuoluo Wan and its alternative

Jikun WANG, Jing DU, Meng CAO, Lu YAO, Suhua XIE, Jiafu CHEN, Xingbo ZHAO

Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2017, Volume 4, Issue 3,   Pages 353-357 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2017157

Abstract: Tongren Dahuoluo Wan has been a popular traditional Chinese medicine in international pharmaceuticalTherefore, an alternative formulation which substitutes leopard bone with zokor bone in the formula of TongrenDahuoluo Wan is now manufactured.

Keywords： Tongren Dahuoluo Wan     molecular diagnostic assay     Eospalax baileyi     Panthera pardus     species-specific    

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A review on

Shaolong WAN,Yong WANG

Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2014, Volume 8, Issue 3,   Pages 280-294 doi: 10.1007/s11705-014-1436-8

Abstract: Catalytic fast pyrolysis (CFP) is deemed as the most promising way to convert biomass to transportation fuels or value added chemicals. Most works in literature so far have focused on the CFP where the catalysts are packed or co-fed with the feedstock in the pyrolysis reactor. However, the CFP with catalysts separated from the pyrolyzer has attracted more and more attentions due to its unique advantages of individually optimizing the pyrolysis conditions and catalyst performances. This review compares the differences between the and CFP operation, and summarizes the development and progress of CFP applications, including the rationale and performances of different catalysts, and the choices of suitable reactor systems. Due to the complex composition of bio-oil, no single approach was believed to be able to solve the problems completely among all those existing technologies. With the increased understanding of catalyst performances and reaction process, the recent trend toward an integration of biomass or bio-oil fractionation with subsequent thermo/bio-chemical conversion routes is also discussed.

Keywords： catalytic fast pyrolysis     ex situ     catalysts    

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Ternary phase behavior of water microemulsified diesel-palm biodiesel

Nurul Atiqah Izzati MD ISHAK,Ismail Ab RAMAN,Mohd Ambar YARMO,Wan Mohd Faizal WAN MAHMOOD

Frontiers in Energy 2015, Volume 9, Issue 2,   Pages 162-169 doi: 10.1007/s11708-015-0355-9

Abstract: This paper aims to develop a new microemulsions system comprising diesel and palm oil methyl ester (PME) that have the potential to be used as alternative fuels for diesel engines. The water-in-diesel-biodiesel microemulsions were prepared by applying PME mixed with diesel, non-ionic surfactants, co-surfactants and water to make the water-in-oil (W/O) microemulsion system. This microemulsified fuel was achieved through low-energy microemulsification by using the constant composition method. The diesel used was mixed with four different concentrations of PME, i.e., 10% (w/w) (B10), 20% (w/w) (B20), 30% (w/w) (B30) and neat diesel (B0). The amount of water was fixed at 20% (w/w). The phase behavior of the water/mixed non-ionic surfactant/diesel-PME system were studied by constructing pseudoternary phase diagrams with the goal of formulating optimized systems. The results showed that the microemulsions were formed and stabilized with a mixture of non-ionic surfactants at a weight ratio of 80:20 at 20% (w/w), and with mixed co-surfactants at a weight ratio of 25:75, 20:80 and 10:90 for B0, B10, B20 and B30 respectively. The particle size, kinematic viscosity at 40°C, refractive index, density, heating value, cloud point, pour point and flash point of the selected water-in-diesel microemulsion were 19.40 nm (polydispersity of 0.12), 2.86 mm /s, 1.435, 0.8913 g/mL, 31.87 MJ/kg, 7.15°C, 10.5°C and 46.5°C respectively. The corresponding values of the water-in-diesel-PME selected were 20.72 nm to 23.74 nm, 13.02 mm /s to 13.29 mm /s, 1.442, 0.8939 g/mL to 0.8990 g/mL, 31.45 MJ/kg to 27.34 MJ/kg, 7.2°C to 6.8°C, 8.5°C to 1.5°C and 47.5°C to 52.0°C. These preliminary findings were further studied as potential fuels for diesel engines.

Keywords： palm methyl ester     palm oil biodiesel     microemulsion     water microemulsified fuels    

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Enhancement of sludge gravitational thickening with weak ultrasound

Panyue ZHANG, Tian WAN, Guangming ZHANG

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2012, Volume 6, Issue 5,   Pages 753-760 doi: 10.1007/s11783-011-0368-5

Abstract: Gravitational thickening is the prevailing method to reduce sludge volume but the process is slow and usually requires addition of polyelectrolyte(s). This paper investigated the potential benefits of sonication on enhancing the sludge gravitational thickening with very low energy dose, so called “weak ultrasound”. Results showed that weak sonication significantly changed the sludge settlability and the main mechanism was release of the loosely bounded extracellular polymeric substances. The changes in sludge behaviors by sonication were strongly influenced by power density and sonication duration. Lower sound frequency was slightly better than higher frequency. Weak sonication (<680 kJ·kg DS) improved the sludge gravitational thickening while high ultrasonic energy deteriorated the process. Considering both the sludge thickening efficiency and energy consumption, the optimum conditions were 0.15 W·mL , 7 s, and 25 kHz. Under such conditions, the energy dose was only 155 kJ·kg DS, much lower than literature reports, and the sludge settling time was shortened from 24 h to 12?h. Weak sonication could substitute expensive polyelectrolyte coagulant for sludge thickening. Combination of weak sonication and polyelectrolyte could further reduce the settling time to 6 h. The final water content of the thickened sludge was not changed after sonication or polyelectrolyte addition.

Keywords： activated sludge     sonication     settlability     dry weight     extracellular polymeric substances     polyelectrolyte    

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Product lifecycle-oriented virtual assembly technology

LIU Jian-hua, NING Ru-xin, YAO Jun, WAN Bi-le

Frontiers of Mechanical Engineering 2006, Volume 1, Issue 4,   Pages 388-395 doi: 10.1007/s11465-006-0045-8

Abstract: VA (virtual assembly) provides a more efficient, intuitive and convenient method for assembly process modeling, simulation and analysis. Previous researches about VA are almost isolated and dispersive, and have not established the understanding and definition of VA from a macroscopical and integrated view. Based on the analysis of the connotations of VA, a PLO-VATA (product lifecycle-oriented virtual assembly technology architecture) is proposed, in this architecture, VA is decomposed into four basic elements: principles and methodology of DFA (design for assembly), assembly analysis and evaluation, virtual assembly model and virtual assembly toolkits. Immersion, concurrence, integration and collaboration are the four main characteristics of VA being put forward. The key techniques of VA including virtual assembly model, virtual assembly analysis and evaluation, and virtual assembly process planning are discussed. Finally, a prototype system is built to validate the feasibility of the proposed method.

Keywords： integrated     concurrence     feasibility     dispersive     assembly technology    

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Fabrication of cellulose aerogel from wheat straw with strong absorptive capacity

Jian LI,Caichao WAN,Yun LU,Qingfeng SUN

Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2014, Volume 1, Issue 1,   Pages 46-52 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2014004

Abstract: An effectively mild solvent solution containing NaOH/PEG was employed to dissolve the cellulose extracted from the wheat straw. With further combined regeneration process and freeze-drying, the cellulose aerogel was successfully obtained. Scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffraction technique, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller were used to characterize this cellulose aerogel of low density (about 40 mg·cm ) and three-dimensional network with large specific surface area (about 101 m ·g ). Additionally, with a hydrophobic modification by trimethylchlorosilane, the cellulose aerogel showed a strong absorptive capacity for oil and dye solutions.

Keywords： cellulose aerogel     absorptive capacity     waste wheat straw     freeze-drying    

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Isolation of highly purity cellulose from wheat straw using a modified aqueous biphasic system

Lifeng YAN, Yi ZHAO, Qing GU, Wan LI

Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2012, Volume 6, Issue 3,   Pages 282-291 doi: 10.1007/s11705-012-0901-5

Abstract: Cellulose samples with molecular weights ranging from 8.39 × 10 to 11.00 × 10 g/mol were obtained from wheat straw. The dewaxed wheat straw was pretreated with aqueous hydrochloric acid followed by delignification using an environmentally benign poly(ethyleneglycol)/salt aqueous biphasic system. The yield of cellulose was in the range of 48.9%–55.5% and the cellulose contained 1.2%–3.2% hemicelluloses, and 0.97%–3.47% lignin. All the isolated cellulose samples could be directly dissolved in a 6 wt-% NaOH/4 wt-% urea aqueous solution through a precooling-thawing process to form a homogenous solution. The separation process was investigated and the obtained cellulose and its solution were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray apparatus, and X-ray diffraction. The results revealed that aqueous soluble cellulose can be directly prepared from wheat straw by this method and this study opens a novel pathway to prepare cellulosic materials from agricultural waste.

Keywords： cellulose     straw     separation     aqueous solution    

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Effects of nitrate concentration on biological hydrogen production by mixed cultures

Bo WANG, Wei WAN, Jianlong WANG,

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2009, Volume 3, Issue 4,   Pages 380-386 doi: 10.1007/s11783-009-0142-0

Abstract: The effects of nitrate on fermentative hydrogen production and soluble metabolites from mixed cultures were investigated by varying nitrate concentrations from 0 to 10g N/L at 35°C with an initial pH of 7.0. The results showed that the substrate degradation rate, hydrogen production potential, hydrogen yield, and average hydrogen production rate initially increased with increasing nitrate concentrations from 0 to 0.1g N/L, while they decreased with increasing nitrate concentrations from 0.1 to 10g N/L. The maximum hydrogen production potential of 305.0mL, maximum hydrogen yield of 313.1mL/g glucose, and maximum average hydrogen production rate of 13.3mL/h were obtained at a nitrate concentration of 0.1g N/L. The soluble metabolites produced by the mixed cultures contained only ethanol and acetic acid (HAc) without propionic acid (HPr) and butyric acid (HBu). This study used the Modified Logistic model to describe the progress of cumulative hydrogen production in batch tests. A concise model was proposed to describe the effects of nitrate concentration on average hydrogen production rate.

Keywords： nitrogen source     biohydrogen     fermentative hydrogen production     quantitative kinetic model    

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Biofiltration and disinfection codetermine the bacterial antibiotic resistome in drinking water: A review and meta-analysis

Kun Wan, Wenfang Lin, Shuai Zhu, Shenghua Zhang, Xin Yu

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2020, Volume 14, Issue 1, doi: 10.1007/s11783-019-1189-1

Abstract: Published data was used to analyze the fate of ARGs in water treatment. Biomass removal leads to the reduction in absolute abundance of ARGs. Mechanism that filter biofilm maintain ARB/ARGs was summarized. Potential BAR risks caused by biofiltration and chlorination were proposed. The bacterial antibiotic resistome (BAR) is one of the most serious contemporary medical challenges. The BAR problem in drinking water is receiving growing attention. In this study, we focused on the distribution, changes, and health risks of the BAR throughout the drinking water treatment system. We extracted the antibiotic resistance gene (ARG) data from recent publications and analyzed ARG profiles based on diversity, absolute abundance, and relative abundance. The absolute abundance of ARG was found to decrease with water treatment processes and was positively correlated with the abundance of 16S rRNA (r2 = 0.963, p<0.001), indicating that the reduction of ARG concentration was accompanied by decreasing biomass. Among treatment processes, biofiltration and chlorination were discovered to play important roles in shaping the bacterial antibiotic resistome. Chlorination exhibited positive effects in controlling the diversity of ARG, while biofiltration, especially granular activated carbon filtration, increased the diversity of ARG. Both biofiltration and chlorination altered the structure of the resistome by affecting relative ARG abundance. In addition, we analyzed the mechanism behind the impact of biofiltration and chlorination on the bacterial antibiotic resistome. By intercepting influent ARG-carrying bacteria, biofilters can enrich various ARGs and maintain ARGs in biofilm. Chlorination further selects bacteria co-resistant to chlorine and antibiotics. Finally, we proposed the BAR health risks caused by biofiltration and chlorination in water treatment. To reduce potential BAR risk in drinking water, membrane filtration technology and water boiling are recommended at the point of use.

Keywords： Drinking water treatment     Antibiotic resistance gene     Biofiltration     Chlorination    

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Xingnao Kaiqiao acupuncture combined with Angong Niuhuang Wan for a patient under persistent vegetative

Hujie Song, Xiao Chen, Yalan Yu, Ling Zhang

Frontiers of Medicine 2018, Volume 12, Issue 3,   Pages 334-339 doi: 10.1007/s11684-017-0539-2

Abstract: Considering his condition, we adopted Xingnao Kaiqiao acupuncture, oral Angong Niuhuang Wan, and Xingnaojing

Keywords： PVS     stubborn disease     Xingnao Kaiqiao     Angong Niuhuang Wan     TCM     acupuncture    

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Study on extraction of thiophene from model gasoline with br?nsted acidic ionic liquids

Xiaomeng WANG, Mingjuan HAN, Hui WAN, Cao YANG, Guofeng GUAN

Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2011, Volume 5, Issue 1,   Pages 107-112 doi: 10.1007/s11705-010-0539-0

Abstract: Br?nsted acidic ionic liquids (ILs), -methylimidazole hydrogen sulfate ([HMIm]HSO ) and -methylpyrrolidone hydrogen sulfate ([HNMP]HSO ), are synthesized and employed as extractants to extract thiophene from model gasoline (thiophene dissolved in -octane). The effect of extraction temperature, extraction time and volume ratio of ILs to model gasoline on desulfurization rates is investigated. Then, the optimal desulfurization conditions are obtained: the ratio of ILs to model gasoline is 1∶1, extraction temperature is 50°C for [HMIm]HSO and 60°C for [HNMP]HSO , extraction time is 60 min. Meanwhile, the desulfurization rate of [HNMP]HSO for model gasoline is 62.8%, which is higher than that of [HMIm]HSO (55.5%) under optimal conditions. The reason is discussed on the basis of the interaction energy between thiophene and ILs at the B3LYP/6-311++ G(d,p) level. Furthermore, the total desulfurization rate of [HNMP]HSO and [HMIm]HSO reaches 96.4% and 94.4%, respectively, by multistage extraction. Finally, the used ILs can be reused by vacuum drying, and their desulfurization rates are not significantly decreased after recycling 7 times in single-stage desulfurization.

Keywords： br?nsted ionic liquids     model gasoline     thiophene     extraction     density functional theory    

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Semantic Consistency and Correctness Verification of Digital Traffic Rules

Lei Wan,Changjun Wang,Daxin Luo,Hang Liu,Sha Ma,Weichao Hu,

Engineering doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2023.04.016

Abstract: The consensus of the automotive industry and traffic management authorities is that autonomous vehicles must follow the same traffic laws as human drivers. Using formal or digital methods, natural language traffic rules can be translated into machine language and used by autonomous vehicles. In this paper, a translation flow is designed. Beyond the translation, a deeper examination is required, because the semantics of natural languages are rich and complex, and frequently contain hidden assumptions. The issue of how to ensure that digital rules are accurate and consistent with the original intent of the traffic rules they represent is both significant and unresolved. In response, we propose a method of formal verification that combines equivalence verification with model checking. Reasonable and reassuring digital traffic rules can be obtained by utilizing the proposed traffic rule digitization flow and verification method. In addition, we offer a number of simulation applications that employ digital traffic rules to assess vehicle violations. The experimental findings indicate that our digital rules utilizing metric temporal logic (MTL) can be easily incorporated into simulation platforms and autonomous driving systems (ADS).

Keywords： Autonomous driving     Traffic rules     Digitization     Formalization     Verification    

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Review on remediation technologies for arsenic-contaminated soil

Xiaoming Wan, Mei Lei, Tongbin Chen

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2020, Volume 14, Issue 2, doi: 10.1007/s11783-019-1203-7

Abstract: • Recent progress of As-contaminated soil remediation technologies is presented. • Phytoextraction and chemical immobilization are the most widely used methods. • Novel remediation technologies for As-contaminated soil are still urgently needed. • Methods for evaluating soil remediation efficiency are lacking. • Future research directions for As-contaminated soil remediation are proposed. Arsenic (As) is a top human carcinogen widely distributed in the environment. As-contaminated soil exists worldwide and poses a threat on human health through water/food consumption, inhalation, or skin contact. More than 200 million people are exposed to excessive As concentration through direct or indirect exposure to contaminated soil. Therefore, affordable and efficient technologies that control risks caused by excess As in soil must be developed. The presently available methods can be classified as chemical, physical, and biological. Combined utilization of multiple technologies is also common to improve remediation efficiency. This review presents the research progress on different remediation technologies for As-contaminated soil. For chemical methods, common soil washing or immobilization agents were summarized. Physical technologies were mainly discussed from the field scale. Phytoextraction, the most widely used technology for As-contaminated soil in China, was the main focus for bioremediation. Method development for evaluating soil remediation efficiency was also summarized. Further research directions were proposed based on literature analysis.

Keywords： Arsenic     field-scale     Immobilization     Phytoextraction     Soil washing    

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Growth and abscisic acid responses of

Yue LI, Liqiang WAN, Yufei WANG, Xianglin LI

Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2018, Volume 5, Issue 1,   Pages 80-86 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2017199

Abstract: A pot experiment was conducted in a greenhouse with three alfalfa ( ) cultivars, Aohan, Zhongmu No.1 and Sanditi, to examine the morphological and physiological responses of alfalfa to water stress. The response of alfalfa to water stress at different growth stages was generally similar, but varied among cultivars. At the branching, flowering and podding stages, the shoot biomasses of Aohan and Zhongmu No.1 were greatly affected by, and responded quickly to, water stress. The shoot biomass of Sanditi was not affected by mild water stress, but had a slight response to moderate and severe water stress. The root/shoot ratios in Aohan and Zhongmu No.1 were more sensitive to water stress than in Sanditi, with the root/shoot ratio in Aohan increasing most significantly. At flowering, the root/shoot ratio was the highest and the effect of water stress the greatest. The abscisic acid (ABA) concentration in the roots of Aohan and Zhongmu No.1 increased under water stress, while in Sanditi there was only a slight or delayed response of ABA concentration.

Keywords： abscisic acid     alfalfa     drought response     growth stage     water deficit    

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Preparation of ultrafine α-AlO using precipitation-azeotropic distillation method

XIAO Jin, QIN Qi, ZHOU Feng, CHEN Yanbin, WAN Ye

Frontiers of Mechanical Engineering 2008, Volume 3, Issue 2,   Pages 226-231 doi: 10.1007/s11465-008-0029-y

Abstract: Ammonium aluminum carbonate hydroxide (AACH) was prepared by a precipitation-azeotropic distillation method, which uses aluminum sulfate as the Al source and ammonium carbonate as the precipitant. Then, AACH was calcined into ultrafine ?-AlO powder. The factors that influence the dispersion property of ultrafine ?-AlO powder are discussed in this paper, such as the methods of adding materials, surfactant, and drying methods. The changes of the structure and property of ultrafine alumina in the thermal treatment process are also studied. The morphological structure and properties of AACH are characterized by DTA/TGA, SEM, XRD, and ICP measurements. The results show that ultrafine ?-AlO powder with a uniform particle size and well-distributed property can be synthesized only after aluminum sulfate atomizes into ammonium carbonate, proper amount of PEG1000 is added as the dispersant, and the product is treated by azeotropic distillation. The phase transformation of alumina during the calcination process can be described as amorphous AlO → ?-AlO → ?-AlO → ?-AlO. The crystal grain size and density of ultrafine alumina powder increase with the increase of the calcination temperature. After AACH has been calcined at 1200°C for 2 h, the ultrafine ?-AlO with uniform particle size, spherical shape, and more than 99.97% purity is obtained and its powder is well dispersed.

Keywords： calcination temperature     spherical     AACH     carbonate hydroxide     ammonium carbonate    

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Title Author Date Type Operation

Molecular authentication of the traditional Chinese medicine Tongren Dahuoluo Wan and its alternative

Jikun WANG, Jing DU, Meng CAO, Lu YAO, Suhua XIE, Jiafu CHEN, Xingbo ZHAO

Journal Article

A review on

Shaolong WAN,Yong WANG

Journal Article

Ternary phase behavior of water microemulsified diesel-palm biodiesel

Nurul Atiqah Izzati MD ISHAK,Ismail Ab RAMAN,Mohd Ambar YARMO,Wan Mohd Faizal WAN MAHMOOD

Journal Article

Enhancement of sludge gravitational thickening with weak ultrasound

Panyue ZHANG, Tian WAN, Guangming ZHANG

Journal Article

Product lifecycle-oriented virtual assembly technology

LIU Jian-hua, NING Ru-xin, YAO Jun, WAN Bi-le

Journal Article

Fabrication of cellulose aerogel from wheat straw with strong absorptive capacity

Jian LI,Caichao WAN,Yun LU,Qingfeng SUN

Journal Article

Isolation of highly purity cellulose from wheat straw using a modified aqueous biphasic system

Lifeng YAN, Yi ZHAO, Qing GU, Wan LI

Journal Article

Effects of nitrate concentration on biological hydrogen production by mixed cultures

Bo WANG, Wei WAN, Jianlong WANG,

Journal Article

Biofiltration and disinfection codetermine the bacterial antibiotic resistome in drinking water: A review and meta-analysis

Kun Wan, Wenfang Lin, Shuai Zhu, Shenghua Zhang, Xin Yu

Journal Article

Xingnao Kaiqiao acupuncture combined with Angong Niuhuang Wan for a patient under persistent vegetative

Hujie Song, Xiao Chen, Yalan Yu, Ling Zhang

Journal Article

Study on extraction of thiophene from model gasoline with br?nsted acidic ionic liquids

Xiaomeng WANG, Mingjuan HAN, Hui WAN, Cao YANG, Guofeng GUAN

Journal Article

Semantic Consistency and Correctness Verification of Digital Traffic Rules

Lei Wan,Changjun Wang,Daxin Luo,Hang Liu,Sha Ma,Weichao Hu,

Journal Article

Review on remediation technologies for arsenic-contaminated soil

Xiaoming Wan, Mei Lei, Tongbin Chen

Journal Article

Growth and abscisic acid responses of

Yue LI, Liqiang WAN, Yufei WANG, Xianglin LI

Journal Article

Preparation of ultrafine α-AlO using precipitation-azeotropic distillation method

XIAO Jin, QIN Qi, ZHOU Feng, CHEN Yanbin, WAN Ye

Journal Article